In 1966, Australia switched from pounds to decimal currency. The country’s central bank issued a new range of banknotes with modern safety features – including watermarks, woven metal thread and raised print. But these technologies couldn’t prevent a $900,000 swindle.
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Polymer banknotesarebanknotesmade from apolymersuch asbiaxially oriented polypropylene (BOPP). Such notes incorporate many security features not available in paper banknotes, including the use ofmetameric inks.Polymer banknotes last significantly longer than paper notes, causing a decrease in environmental impact and a reduced cost of production and replacement.
Modern polymer banknotes were first developed by theReserve Bank of Australia (RBA),Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO)andThe University of Melbourne. They were first issued as currency in Australia during 1988 (coinciding with Australia’s bicentennial year). In 1996 Australia switched completely to polymer banknotes. Other countries that have switched completely to polymer banknotes include:Brunei,Canada,New Zealand,Papua New Guinea,RomaniaandVietnam. The latest countries to introduce polymer banknotes into general circulation include: theUnited Kingdom,Nigeria,Cape Verde,Chile,The Gambia,Nicaragua,Trinidad and Tobago,Mexico,Maldives,Mauritania,Botswana,São Tomé and Príncipe,North Macedonia, theRussian Federation,Armenia,Solomon Islands,Egypt, theOrganisation of Eastern Caribbean States(OECS).
History
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In 1967 forgeries of the Australian $10 note were found in circulationand the Reserve Bank of Australia was concerned about an increase incounterfeitingwith the release ofcolour photocopiersthat year. In 1968 the FGH started collaborations with RTASOC, and funds were made available in 1969 for the experimental production of distinctive papers. The insertion into banknotes of anoptically variable device(OVD) created fromdiffraction gratingsinplasticas a security device was proposed in 1972. The first patent arising from the development of polymer banknotes was filed in 1973. In 1974 the technique oflaminationwas used to combine materials; the all-plastic laminate eventually chosen was a clear, BOPP laminate, in which OVDs could be inserted without needing to punch holes.
They werefirstissued ascurrencyin Australia during 1988 (coinciding with Australia’s bicentennial year). In 1996 Australia switched completely to polymer banknotes. Othercountriesthat have switched completely to polymer banknotes include: Brunei, Canada, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Romania and Vietnam.
Security features
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Polymer banknotes usually have three levels of security devices. Primary security devices are easily recognisable by consumers and may includeintaglio, metal strips, and the clear areas of the banknote. Secondary security devices are detectable by a machine. Tertiary security devices may only be detectable by the issuing authority when a banknote is returned.